About Eczema and Eczema Treatments

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is one of the most common skin conditions in the United States, affecting over 30 million Americans. This chronic condition presents as an itchy, red rash that can severely impact the quality of life for those who suffer from it. While many people mistake dry or red skin for eczema, a definitive diagnosis can only be made by a dermatology specialist. Symptoms vary from person to person, but they often include intense itchiness, inflamed skin, swelling and patches of dry or scaly skin.

Common Causes of Eczema

Eczema is generally considered to be a genetic condition, affecting both children and adults. Though the exact cause remains unknown, research indicates that it is linked to immune system dysfunction and a breakdown of the skin barrier. Eczema is often part of an “atopic triad,” which also includes hay fever and asthma. Several triggers can worsen eczema symptoms, including:

  • Stress
  • Extreme temperatures (hot or cold)
  • Perspiration
  • Pollen
  • Dandruff
  • Soaps and detergents

Different Types of Eczema

There are different types of eczema, including:

  • Atopic dermatitis: The most common form, often starting in childhood.
  • Contact dermatitis: Triggered by skin contact with irritants or allergens.
  • Nummular eczema: Characterized by coin-shaped patches of irritated skin.
  • Seborrheic dermatitis: Often appears as dandruff on the scalp or oily patches on the skin.
  • Dyshidrotic eczema: Causes small blisters on the hands and feet.
  • Stasis dermatitis: Occurs when fluid builds up in the legs, often due to poor circulation.

Symptoms of Eczema

Symptoms can vary widely among individuals and depend on the affected area of the body. Common symptoms include:

  • Intense itchiness
  • Inflamed and red skin
  • Swollen areas
  • Scaling on the skin
  • Sensitive skin
  • Dry skin
  • Patches of rough or darkly colored skin

During flare-ups, some individuals may scratch their skin to the point of bleeding, leading to an uncomfortable itch-scratch cycle. It’s crucial to consult a dermatology provider for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan.

Effective Treatments for Eczema

While there’s no cure for eczema, there are effective ways to reduce symptoms and minimize flare-ups. Here are some key strategies for managing eczema day-to-day.

1. Gentle Skin Care

Individuals with eczema must be meticulous about their skincare:

  • Use mild, low-sudsing cleansers instead of harsh soaps
  • Opt for fragrance-free and hypoallergenic products
  • Take short, lukewarm showers or baths (hot water can strip the skin of natural oils)
  • Pat the skin dry gently instead of rubbing
  • Avoid scrubbing or exfoliating too harshly

2. Moisturization

Keeping the skin hydrated is crucial for eczema management:

  • Apply moisturizer immediately after bathing, while the skin is still damp
  • Use thick creams or ointments rather than lotions for better hydration
  • Consider products containing ceramides, which help repair the skin barrier
  • Reapply moisturizer throughout the day, especially after hand-washing
  • Use a humidifier to add moisture to the air, particularly in dry climates or during winter

3. Environmental Controls

Consider using a humidifier, especially during the fall and winter months when indoor air tends to be drier. This can help prevent skin from drying out and minimize flare-ups.

4. Diet Modifications

Certain foods may trigger eczema symptoms. Common culprits include dairy products, nuts, seeds, wheat and soy. Keeping a food diary can help identify personal triggers and allow you to modify your diet accordingly.

5. Exercise Considerations

While regular exercise is essential for overall health, intense workouts that cause excessive sweating can exacerbate eczema. Opt for gentler forms of exercise, like brisk walking or yoga, to maintain fitness without triggering symptoms.

When to Seek Professional Eczema Treatment

While many cases of eczema can be managed with over-the-counter treatments and lifestyle changes, it’s important to consult a dermatology provider if:

  • Symptoms are severe or worsening
  • The condition is interfering with daily life or sleep
  • There are signs of skin infection (increased redness, warmth, pus, or fever)
  • Over-the-counter treatments aren’t providing relief

An eczema dermatology provider can provide a proper diagnosis, rule out other skin conditions, and develop a tailored treatment plan. They may also prescribe stronger medications or recommend advanced therapies when necessary.

Consult a Dermatology Provider for Eczema Treatment

Many people will purchase over-the-counter (OTC) creams, lotions and ointments to treat their flare-ups. Some of these medications may contain allergenic or irritating ingredients that will exacerbate your condition. For this reason, it’s imperative to consult with a dermatology provider before using any products on your skin. Schedule an appointment today — call 844-DERM-DOC or book online.

Reviewed by Dr. Jeremy Fenton.

Eczema FAQ

  • Is eczema an autoimmune disease?

    Eczema is not classified as an autoimmune disease. It’s considered a chronic inflammatory skin condition. While the immune system plays a role in eczema, it doesn’t attack the body’s own tissues as in autoimmune diseases. Instead, eczema involves an overactive immune response to irritants and allergens, leading to inflammation in the skin.

  • Does eczema go away?

    Eczema is a chronic condition, but its severity can fluctuate over time. For some people, especially children, eczema may improve or even disappear as they get older. However, for many, it’s a lifelong condition with periods of flare-ups and remission. While it may not completely “go away,” proper management can significantly reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.

  • Is eczema genetic?

    Yes, eczema has a strong genetic component. Research shows that if one or both parents have eczema, asthma, or hay fever, their children are more likely to develop eczema. However, genetics alone don’t determine if someone will develop eczema. Environmental factors also play a crucial role in triggering the condition and its flare-ups.

  • What causes eczema flare-ups?

    Eczema flare-ups can be triggered by various factors, including environmental irritants (like soaps and detergents), allergens (such as pollen or pet dander), stress, extreme temperatures, and perspiration. Identifying and avoiding personal triggers is key to managing the condition.

  • What is the difference between eczema and psoriasis?

    Eczema and psoriasis are both chronic skin conditions, but they have distinct characteristics. Eczema typically presents as red, itchy patches, often with dry and scaly skin, and may occur in areas such as the face and inside the elbows. Psoriasis, on the other hand, often results in thicker, silvery scales and is commonly found on the scalp, elbows, and knees. The underlying causes and treatments for each condition can also differ.

About Schweiger Dermatology Group

Founded by Dr. Eric Schweiger in 2010, Schweiger Dermatology Group began as a single office in Midtown Manhattan with a mission to deliver high-quality dermatologic care without long waits. As demand grew, so did the practice. Today we have over 120 locations across 8 states with more than 400 of the nation's leading providers and were ranked as the number one practice nationally in cosmetic and reconstructive care by Castle Connolly. In 2023, we broadened our expertise by integrating allergy care into our services. We remain committed to offering exceptional medical, cosmetic, and surgical dermatology as well as comprehensive allergy services, ensuring patients receive expert care in a modern, state-of-the art environment.

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