Milk Allergy or Lactose Intolerance?

Milk allergies and lactose intolerance are often confused, but understanding their differences and implications is crucial. Here, we’ll dive into milk allergies, their symptoms, diagnosis and treatment, guided by insights from Carla Smith-Ricks, MPAS, PA-C, an allergy specialist at Schweiger Dermatology & Allergy in New York City.

What Is a Milk Allergy?

A milk allergy is an immune-mediated condition where the body mistakenly identifies proteins in milk as harmful invaders. It can manifest at any age, though it’s most common in children. Many children outgrow this allergy, but for some it persists into adulthood. Unlike lactose intolerance, which is a digestive issue, milk allergy involves the immune system, making it potentially life-threatening.

Symptoms of a Milk Allergy

Symptoms of a milk allergy can vary in severity, from mild to life-threatening. Common symptoms include:

• In Infants: Refusal to feed, irritability or blood in stools.
• In General: Breathing difficulties, wheezing, eczema, itching, swelling, hives and vomiting.
• Severe Reactions: Anaphylaxis, a life-threatening reaction requiring immediate medical attention.

Recognizing these symptoms early is vital for proper management and treatment.

Diagnosing a Milk Allergy

If a milk allergy is suspected, consultation with an allergy specialist is essential. Diagnostic tools include:

• Food Allergy Skin Test: A small amount of milk protein is introduced to the skin to observe for allergic reactions.
• Blood Test: Measures specific antibodies produced in response to milk proteins.

Early diagnosis helps prevent complications and enables appropriate management strategies.

Managing a Milk Allergy

The cornerstone of milk allergy treatment is strict avoidance of milk and dairy products. Always read food labels carefully to avoid hidden milk proteins.

Management strategies differ for mild symptoms and severe reactions:
• Mild Symptoms: Use topical prescriptions or oral antihistamines.
• Severe Reactions: Carry an epinephrine auto-injector and use it in emergencies.

Dietary Alternatives to Milk

For those with a milk allergy, finding safe alternatives is critical. Options include:

• Plant-based milk substitutes like almond, soy or oat milk.
• Non-dairy cheeses and yogurts.
• Ensuring balanced nutrition through fortified foods or supplements.

Consult with a dietitian to create a plan that enables you to avoid allergens while meeting nutritional needs.

Lactose Intolerance: How It’s Different From a Milk Allergy

While a milk allergy is an immune response, lactose intolerance is a digestive issue caused by the inability to break down lactose, the sugar in milk.

Symptoms of Lactose Intolerance:

• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal bloating
• Distention

Diagnosis:

• Eating Habit Review: Monitoring dietary triggers.
• Elimination Diet: Removing and reintroducing dairy products.
• Hydrogen Breath Test: Detecting hydrogen levels that indicate lactose malabsorption.

It is critical to know if you are suffering from a milk allergy or lactose intolerance to ensure the correct treatment.

Coping with Lactose Intolerance

Lactose intolerance, though not life-threatening, can be inconvenient. Management strategies include:

• Dietary Adjustments: Removing cow’s milk from the diet.
• Fortified Alternatives: Lactaid milk and cheese.
• Lactase Supplements: Taking Lactaid tablets before consuming dairy.

These solutions can help individuals enjoy dairy without discomfort.

Supporting Those With a Milk Allergy

Creating an allergy-friendly environment at home, school and beyond is vital for individuals with a milk allergy. Key considerations include:

• Educate caregivers, teachers and peers about the allergy.
• Label and separating allergen-free foods.
• Read food labels and ask about ingredients when you are not preparing the food.
• Keep emergency medications like epinephrine readily available.

Final Thoughts

A milk allergy is a significant but manageable condition. Understanding the symptoms, seeking prompt diagnosis and following proper management and treatment plans are essential for those affected.

If you’re experiencing symptoms that are indicative of a milk allergy, consult with one of Schweiger’s allergy specialists. We perform precise testing to identify allergy triggers and create customized treatment plans.

To schedule an appointment, book online or call (844) 760-3380.

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Carla Smith-Ricks, MPAS, PA-C, is a physician assistant at Schweiger Dermatology Group. She has a passion for patient care and a drive to help people improve their health and quality of life. This desire has guided her to the field of physician assistant where she has utilized her skill and knowledge to provide high-quality health care for more than 20 years.